Data availability The structural data that support the findings of this study have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank and EM Data bank
Bioavailability considerations: Its important to note that oral NAD+ precursors have lower bioavailability compared to direct NAD infusions or injections
MOTS -c is now on the F.D.A.s do-not-compound list, owing to the potential risk of immune reactions for certain routes of administration. Yet it, too, continues to circulate on the gray market
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Discussion Our cryo-EM structures of OCTN2 provide structural insight into the mechanism of this physiologically significant transporter
However, substantial research is needed to expand their utility, optimize delivery methods, and improve patient outcomes